Let's Encrypt & Certbot

介绍

Let’s Encrypt -> 一家非盈利性证书颁发机构 -> CA(证书颁发机构)

Certbot工具 -> 获取免费SSL/TLS证书

• Let’s Encrypt是非营利团队，因此颁发的证书可免费使用。
• Let’s Encrypt发行的证书的有效期限是90天。

开始

• DNS解析已完成(A记录)，可以使用nslookup解析查看
• 关闭web服务(Nginx或者Apache等)
• 相关命令需在服务器上操作

获取SSL/TLS服务器证书

yum install -y certbot epel-release   #工具及相关依赖
 certbot certonly --standalone -d export.cn -d www.export.cn   #二级域名及三级域名

接着会出现类似界面

# # certbot certonly --standalone -d export.cn -d www.export.cn
Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
Plugins selected: Authenticator webroot, Installer None
Enter email address (used for urgent renewal and security notices)
 (Enter 'c' to cancel): 这里填写邮箱....

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Please read the Terms of Service at
https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.2-November-15-2017-w-v1.3-notice.pdf.
You must agree in order to register with the ACME server. Do you agree?
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(Y)es/(N)o: Y

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Would you be willing, once your first certificate is successfully issued, to
share your email address with the Electronic Frontier Foundation, a founding
partner of the Let's Encrypt project and the non-profit organization that
develops Certbot? We'd like to send you email about our work encrypting the web,
EFF news, campaigns, and ways to support digital freedom.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(Y)es/(N)o: Y
Account registered.
Requesting a certificate for moto.sys-blog.net
Performing the following challenges:
http-01 challenge for moto.sys-blog.net
Using the webroot path /usr/share/nginx/html for all unmatched domains.
Waiting for verification...
Cleaning up challenges
Subscribe to the EFF mailing list (email: admin@moto.sys-blog.net).

IMPORTANT NOTES:
 - Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at:
   /etc/letsencrypt/live/export.cn/fullchain.pem   #生成的文件
   Your key file has been saved at:
   /etc/letsencrypt/live/export.cn/privkey.pem    #生成的文件
   Your certificate will expire on 2022-12-09. To obtain a new or
   tweaked version of this certificate in the future, simply run
   certbot again. To non-interactively renew *all* of your
   certificates, run "certbot renew"
 - If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:

   Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt:   https://letsencrypt.org/donate
   Donating to EFF:                    https://eff.org/donate-le

如果成功的话，它会生成两个文件：

• /etc/letsencrypt/live/export.cn/fullchain.pem
• /etc/letsencrypt/live/export.cn/privkey.pem

配置Nginx

# For more information on configuration, see:
#   * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
#   * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/

user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;

# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;

events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 4096;

    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;

    # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
    # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
    # for more information.
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    
    server {
        listen       443 ssl;
        listen       [::]:443 ssl;
        server_name  www.export.cn;
        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
        
        #证书填写位置
        ssl_certificate  /etc/letsencrypt/live/export.cn/fullchain.pem ;
        ssl_certificate_key  /etc/letsencrypt/live/export.cn/privkey.pem;

        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

        error_page 404 /404.html;
        location = /404.html {
        }

        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
        }
    }

# Settings for a TLS enabled server.
#
#    server {
#        listen       443 ssl http2;
#        listen       [::]:443 ssl http2;
#        server_name  _;
#        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
#
#        ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt";
#        ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key";
#        ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
#        ssl_session_timeout  10m;
#        ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
#        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
#
#        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
#        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
#
#        error_page 404 /404.html;
#            location = /40x.html {
#        }
#
#        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
#            location = /50x.html {
#        }
#    }

}

重启Nginx